Technique Analysis

Infrared reflectography, X-ray imaging, and multispectral analysis of Leonardo's paintings — revealing the underdrawings, pentimenti, and layered construction beneath the visible surface.

Stereoscopy Studies

Viewpoint offset analysis between the Louvre and Prado Mona Lisas

Virgin of the Rocks (Louvre) — Analysis

c. 1483–1486 · Infrared reveals major compositional changes

Lady with an Ermine — Pentimento

c. 1489–1490 · X-ray reveals ermine added in third revision

Ginevra de' Benci — Cropped Panel

c. 1474–1478 · National Gallery of Art — Lower third removed, hands lost

Mirror Composite Tool

Interactive mirror-image viewer for exploring bilateral symmetry in Leonardo's portraits

Full academic framework — Perspective Secreta, sfumato theory, hidden layer hypotheses